五金制(zhi)品行業(ye)在(zai)歷(li)經三十多年的(de)改革開(kai)放以(yi)(yi)后，呈現(xian)出迅(xun)速發展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)態勢，企業(ye)所(suo)有制(zhi)開(kai)始(shi)轉變為(wei)以(yi)(yi)民營為(wei)主，企業(ye)所(suo)在(zai)地開(kai)始(shi)向廣東、浙江、江蘇、上(shang)海(hai)、山東等(deng)市場經濟(ji)發育較早(zao)的(de)地區(qu)集中，這些地區(qu)的(de)政(zheng)府開(kai)始(shi)認識到特色(se)產業(ye)的(de)發展(zhan)(zhan)有利(li)(li)于政(zheng)府增加財(cai)政(zheng)收入(ru)(ru)，有利(li)(li)于產業(ye)的(de)結構優(you)化，有利(li)(li)于當地居(ju)民的(de)就業(ye)與(yu)增加收入(ru)(ru)，有利(li)(li)于區(qu)域經濟(ji)的(de)良(liang)性發展(zhan)(zhan)，因(yin)而花大力氣打造特色(se)產業(ye)基地。

按照《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)五(wu)(wu)(wu)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行業(ye)特(te)色區域稱號(hao)命名管(guan)理(li)辦(ban)法》(修(xiu)訂稿)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的命名辦(ban)法來(lai)劃分：現(xian)有中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)五(wu)(wu)(wu)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)之(zhi)都(dou)3個(ge)，即：中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)鎖都(dou)(溫州(zhou))、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)閥門之(zhi)都(dou)(玉環)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)鈕扣之(zhi)都(dou)(橋頭);有中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)五(wu)(wu)(wu)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)基(ji)(ji)地(di)8個(ge)，即：中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)五(wu)(wu)(wu)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)制(zhi)(zhi)品(pin)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)基(ji)(ji)地(di)(小欖(lan))、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(水口)水龍頭生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)基(ji)(ji)地(di)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)不銹(xiu)鋼制(zhi)(zhi)品(pin)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)基(ji)(ji)地(di)(新(xin)會(hui))、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(溫州(zhou))金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)屬外殼打火機(ji)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)基(ji)(ji)地(di)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(溫州(zhou))剃(ti)須(xu)刀生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)基(ji)(ji)地(di)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)五(wu)(wu)(wu)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)制(zhi)(zhi)品(pin)(余姚)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)基(ji)(ji)地(di)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)出(chu)口工具生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)基(ji)(ji)地(di)(金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)華)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)絲網(wang)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)基(ji)(ji)地(di)(安平(ping));有中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)五(wu)(wu)(wu)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)之(zhi)鄉(鎮)3個(ge)，即：中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)拉鏈之(zhi)鄉(橋頭)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)五(wu)(wu)(wu)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)之(zhi)鄉(永康)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)五(wu)(wu)(wu)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)之(zhi)鎮(大新(xin)鎮)。據模具網(wang)CEO羅百輝(hui)調查，發現(xian)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)五(wu)(wu)(wu)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)沖壓加(jia)工件行業(ye)存(cun)在(zai)以下主要問(wen)題：

一、專業化(hua)程度低(di)，形不成規模，經濟(ji)效益差

五(wu)金(jin)沖壓件(jian)與主機相比，企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)建(jian)立(li)初(chu)始(shi)資金(jin)技術(shu)所需(xu)投入相對較少(shao)，經(jing)歷(li)國(guo)家(jia)(jia)幾次(ci)經(jing)濟(ji)大(da)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)時期，一(yi)批民(min)(min)營生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)如雨后春筍發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)起(qi)來(lai)，但(dan)因市(shi)場需(xu)求點多(duo)(duo)、批量(liang)小，形不(bu)(bu)成(cheng)經(jing)濟(ji)規(gui)模(mo)。大(da)多(duo)(duo)數(shu)五(wu)金(jin)件(jian)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)本身(shen)就大(da)而全(quan)或(huo)小而全(quan)，專業(ye)(ye)化程(cheng)度低，裝備(bei)水平不(bu)(bu)高，質量(liang)不(bu)(bu)穩定，經(jing)濟(ji)效(xiao)益低。如我國(guo)電(dian)機行業(ye)(ye)三家(jia)(jia)大(da)型(xing)骨(gu)干(gan)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)年(nian)(nian)產(chan)(chan)微型(xing)電(dian)機總(zong)量(liang)還不(bu)(bu)到國(guo)外一(yi)家(jia)(jia)著(zhu)名公(gong)司50%。近兩年(nian)(nian)，我國(guo)局部地(di)區建(jian)成(cheng)上(shang)(shang)千家(jia)(jia)沖壓件(jian)廠(chang)，但(dan)年(nian)(nian)產(chan)(chan)30萬件(jian)以(yi)上(shang)(shang)只(zhi)(zhi)有(you)幾家(jia)(jia)，主要產(chan)(chan)品(pin)為農機配(pei)套(tao)。而德國(guo)力(li)士(shi)樂公(gong)司年(nian)(nian)產(chan)(chan)各種(zhong)沖壓件(jian)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)130萬件(jian)，日本油研(株(zhu))也年(nian)(nian)產(chan)(chan)60萬件(jian)以(yi)上(shang)(shang)。工業(ye)(ye)發(fa)達國(guo)家(jia)(jia)模(mo)具企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)人均產(chan)(chan)值約(yue)15萬～20萬美元，我國(guo)只(zhi)(zhi)有(you)4萬～5萬元人民(min)(min)幣。羅百(bai)輝指出(chu)，近年(nian)(nian)來(lai)，隨著(zhu)多(duo)(duo)種(zhong)所有(you)制共(gong)同發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)政策落實，五(wu)金(jin)件(jian)行業(ye)(ye)正經(jing)歷(li)著(zhu)由分散到逐漸集集約(yue)化發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)過(guo)程(cheng)。

二、資金投入不足(zu)，科研開發力量薄(bo)弱

五金件(jian)(jian)各(ge)行業20世紀70年代(dai)末、80年代(dai)初就較(jiao)(jiao)早地引(yin)進了一(yi)批國外先進技(ji)術，但對消化吸收(shou)缺(que)乏(fa)足夠軟硬件(jian)(jian)投入。據(ju)國外經驗，引(yin)進技(ji)術與消化吸收(shou)所需資(zi)(zi)金比例約為(wei)1:7，而我國對此認識較(jiao)(jiao)晚，消化吸收(shou)步子較(jiao)(jiao)慢。市場競爭實(shi)際上(shang)技(ji)術實(shi)力較(jiao)(jiao)量。國外對此極為(wei)重(zhong)視，紛紛加大(da)投入，占領(ling)技(ji)術制高點(dian)。各(ge)大(da)著名公司用于(yu)科(ke)(ke)研(yan)開發資(zi)(zi)金均(jun)占其銷售額4%～5%，重(zhong)點(dian)領(ling)域達10%。目前我國雖然(ran)有(you)不少高等院校從(cong)事科(ke)(ke)研(yan)工作，不少理論研(yan)究、科(ke)(ke)研(yan)成果(guo)、專利論文均(jun)有(you)相當高水平，但與生產實(shi)際結合(he)不緊，特別轉化成商品速(su)度慢。

三、原材料及(ji)相關技術落后(hou)

由于緊(jin)固件(jian)、鏈條、彈簧(huang)、軸承、模具等產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)所(suo)使(shi)用國(guo)產(chan)(chan)(chan)鋼材質(zhi)量差、品(pin)種(zhong)規格少，直接(jie)影響(xiang)了(le)沖(chong)壓(ya)件(jian)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)質(zhi)量。機械基(ji)(ji)礎件(jian)一(yi)般都成批、大量生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)，也有多品(pin)種(zhong)、加工精度(du)要(yao)求高產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)，因此對生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)工藝及其裝(zhuang)備(bei)要(yao)求高，投資大。國(guo)外多采用高效(xiao)高精度(du)專機、生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)線(xian)或柔性線(xian)，實(shi)現高效(xiao)自動化生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)。但(dan)我國(guo)一(yi)些基(ji)(ji)礎件(jian)企業受(shou)資金(jin)制約，投入力度(du)不大，企業自我改造(zao)能力差，先進設備(bei)少又(you)不配(pei)套，影響(xiang)了(le)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)上質(zhi)量上檔次(ci)。